ARCOM

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Aagaard, L K (2021) The meaning of convenience in smart home imaginaries: tech industry insights. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 568–82.

Airaksinen, J, Joutsiniemi, A and Vaattovaara, M (2021) Empowered by planning law: unintended outcomes in the Helsinki region. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 837–55.

Anderson, B and James, P (2021) Covid-19 lockdown: impacts on GB electricity demand and CO₂ emissions. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 134–49.

Angel, S, Lamson-Hall, P and Blanco, Z G (2021) Anatomy of density: measurable factors that constitute urban density. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 264–82.

Berrill, P and Hertwich, E G (2021) Correction: Material flows and GHG emissions from housing stock evolution in US counties, 2020–60. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 797–9.

Berrill, P and Hertwich, E G (2021) Material flows and GHG emissions from housing stock evolution in US counties, 2020–60. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 599–617.

Brambilla, A, Candido, C, Sangiorgio, M F, Gocer, O and Gocer, K (2021) Can commercial buildings cope with Australian bushfires? An IAQ analysis. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 583–98.

Brocklehurst, F, Morgan, E, Greer, K, Wade, J and Killip, G (2021) Domestic retrofit supply chain initiatives and business innovations: an international review. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 533–49.

Chapman, R and Howden-Chapman, P (2021) Does reframing urban policy around wellbeing support carbon mitigation?. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 688–99.

Deloly, C, Roue-le Gall, A, Moore, G, Bretelle, L, Milner, J, Mohajeri, N, Osrin, D, Salvia, G, Symonds, P, Tsoulou, I, Zimmermann, N, Wilkinson, P and Davies, M (2021) Relationship-building around a policy decision-support tool for urban health. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 717–33.

Drury, P, Watson, S and Lomas, K J (2021) Summertime overheating in UK homes: is there a safe haven?. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 970–90.

Emmanuel, R (2021) Urban microclimate in temperate climates: a summary for practitioners. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 402–10.

Ferguson, L, Taylor, J, Zhou, K, Shrubsole, C, Symonds, P, Davies, M and Dimitroulopoulou, S (2021) Systemic inequalities in indoor air pollution exposure in London, UK. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 425–48.

Fernández González, J and Gongal, A (2021) Unidirectional pedestrian circulation: physical distancing in informal settlements. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 655–65.

Gerhardsson, K M and Laike, T (2021) Windows: a study of residents’ perceptions and uses in Sweden. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 467–86.

Giddings, B and Rogerson, R (2021) Compacting the city centre: densification in two Newcastles. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 185–202.

Godoy-Shimizu, D, Steadman, P and Evans, S (2021) Density and morphology: from the building scale to the city scale. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 92–113.

Goodess, C, Berk, S, Ratna, S B, Brousse, O, Davies, M, Heaviside, C, Moore, G and Pineo, H (2021) Climate change projections for sustainable and healthy cities. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 812–36.

Gori, V, Marincioni, V and Altamirano-Medina, H (2021) Retrofitting traditional buildings: a risk-management framework integrating energy and moisture. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 411–24.

Graham, L t, parkinson, T and schiavon, S (2021) Lessons learned from 20 years of CBE’s occupant surveys. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 166–84.

Hofman, P, Wade, F, Webb, J and Groenleer, M (2021) Retrofitting at scale: comparing transition experiments in Scotland and the Netherlands. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 637–54.

Huebner, G M, Fell, M J and Watson, N E (2021) Improving energy research practices: guidance for transparency, reproducibility and quality. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 1–20.

Huebner, G M, Watson, N E, Direk, K, McKenna, E, Webborn, E, Hollick, F, Elam, S and Oreszczyn, T (2021) Survey study on energy use in UK homes during Covid-19. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 952–69.

Jain, N R, Rawal, R, Vardhan, V and Dey, S (2021) Performance metrics for room air-conditioners: energy, comfort and environmental impacts. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 666–87.

Kayatekin, C S (2021) Architectural form: flexibility, subdivision and diversity in Manhattan loft buildings. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 888–906.

Kostourou, F (2021) Housing growth: impacts on density, space consumption and urban morphology. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 55–78.

Krych, K, Heeren, N and Hertwich, E G (2021) Factors influencing the life-cycle GHG emissions of Brazilian office buildings. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 856–73.

Li, X and Sunikka-Blank, M (2021) Urban densification and social capital: neighbourhood restructuring in Jinan, China. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 244–63.

Licina, D, Wargocki, P, Pyke, C and Altomonte, S (2021) The future of IEQ in green building certifications. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 907–27.

Liddiard, R, Godoy-Shimizu, D, Ruyssevelt, P, Steadman, P, Evans, S, Humphrey, D and Azhari, R (2021) Energy use intensities in London houses. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 336–53.

Livingstone, N, Fiorentino, S and Short, M (2021) Planning for residential ‘value’? London’s densification policies and impacts. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 203–19.

Lomas, K J (2021) Summertime overheating in dwellings in temperate climates. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 487–94.

Lu, Y, Scott, A, Kim, J, Curi, C B, McCarty, J, Pardy, A, Rysanek, A, Kellett, R and Girling, C (2021) Integration of an energy–economy model with an urban energy model. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 114–33.

Luo, M, Zhang, H, Wang, Z, Arens, E, Chen, W, Bauman, F S and Raftery, P (2021) Ceiling-fan-integrated air-conditioning: thermal comfort evaluations. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 928–51.

Mallaburn, P, Azhari, R, Fawcett, T and Topouzi, M (2021) Australian non-domestic buildings policy as an international exemplar. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 318–35.

Martino, N, Girling, C and Lu, Y (2021) Urban form and livability: socioeconomic and built environment indicators. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 220–43.

McCarty, J, Scott, A and Rysanek, A (2021) Determining the retrofit viability of Vancouver’s single-detached homes: an expert elicitation. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 354–77.

Mirabella, N and Allacker, K (2021) Urban GHG accounting: discrepancies, constraints and opportunities. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 21–35.

Mohajeri, N, Walch, A, Gudmundsson, A, Heaviside, C, Askari, S, Wilkinson, P and Davies, M (2021) Covid-19 mobility restrictions: impacts on urban air quality and health. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 759–78.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: air pollution; air quality; cities; Covid-19; environmental health; lockdown; machine learning; mobility; NO₂; PM_2.5; public health; transport; vehicles;
• ISBN/ISSN: 2632-6655
• URL: https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.124
• Abstract:
  In 2020, Covid-19-related mobility restrictions resulted in the most extensive human-made air-quality changes ever recorded. The changes in mobility are quantified in terms of outdoor air pollution (concentrations of PM_2.5 and NO₂) and the associated health impacts in four UK cities (Greater London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast). After applying a weather-corrected machine learning (ML) technique, all four cities show NO₂ and PM_2.5 concentration anomalies in 2020 when compared with the ML-predicted values for that year. The NO₂ anomalies are –21% for Greater London, –19% for Cardiff, –27% for Belfast and –41% for Edinburgh. The PM_2.5 anomalies are 7% for Greater London, –1% for Cardiff, –15% for Edinburgh, –14% for Belfast. All the negative anomalies, which indicate air pollution at a lower level than expected from the weather conditions, are attributable to the mobility restrictions imposed by the Covid-19 lockdowns. Spearman rank-order correlations show a significant correlation between the lowering of NO₂ levels and reduction in public transport (p < 0.05) and driving (p < 0.05), which is associated with a decline in NO₂-attributable mortality. These positive effects of the mobility restrictions on public health can be used to evaluate policies for improved outdoor air quality. Finding the means to curb air pollution is very important for public health. Empirical evidence at a city scale reveals significant correlations between the reduction in vehicular transport and in ambient NO₂ concentrations. The results provide justification for city-level initiatives to reduce vehicular traffic. Well-designed and effective policy interventions (e.g. the promotion of walking and cycling, remote working, local availability of services) can substantially reduce long-term air pollution and have positive health impacts.

Pineo, H, Zhou, K, Niu, Y, Hale, J, Willan, C, Crane, M, Zimmermann, N, Michie, S, Liu, Q and Davies, M (2021) Evidence-informed urban health and sustainability governance in two Chinese cities. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 550–67.

Pont, M B, Haupt, P, Berg, P, Alstäde, V and Heyman, A (2021) Systematic review and comparison of densification effects and planning motivations. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 378–401.

Rinkinen, J, Shove, E and Smits, M (2021) Conceptualising urban density, energy demand and social practice. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 79–91.

Schiller, G, Blum, A, Hecht, R, Oertel, H, Ferber, U and Meinel, G (2021) Urban infill development potential in Germany: comparing survey and GIS data. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 36–54.

Simpson, K, Murtagh, N and Owen, A (2021) Domestic retrofit: understanding capabilities of micro-enterprise building practitioners. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 449–66.

Taylor, J and Howden-Chapman, P (2021) The significance of urban systems on sustainability and public health. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 874–87.

Teller, J (2021) Regulating urban densification: what factors should be used?. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 302–17.

Teller, J (2021) Urban density and Covid-19: towards an adaptive approach. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 150–65.

Tingey, M, Webb, J and van der Horst, D (2021) Housing retrofit: six types of local authority energy service models. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 518–32.

Turcu, C, Crane, M, Hutchinson, E, Lloyd, S, Belesova, K, Wilkinson, P and Davies, M (2021) A multi-scalar perspective on health and urban housing: an umbrella review. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 734–58.

Urme, S A, Radia, M A, Alam, R, Chowdhury, M U, Hasan, S, Ahmed, S, Sara, H H, Islam, M S, Jerin, D T, Hema, P S, Rahman, M, Islam, A M, Hasan, M T and Quayyum, Z (2021) Dhaka landfill waste practices: addressing urban pollution and health hazards. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 700–16.

van der Bent, H S, Visscher, H J, Meijer, A and Mouter, N (2021) Monitoring energy performance improvement: insights from Dutch housing association dwellings. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 779–96.

Wade, F and Visscher, H (2021) Retrofit at scale: accelerating capabilities for domestic building stocks. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 800–11.

Walter, T and Mathew, P (2021) GHG policy impacts for Seattle’s buildings: targets, timing, and scope. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 283–301.

Wise, F, Moncaster, A and Jones, D (2021) Rethinking retrofit of residential heritage buildings. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 495–517.

Yang, Y, Li, Y, Kral, K, Hupert, N and Dogan, T (2021) Urban design attributes and resilience: COVID-19 evidence from New York City. Buildings and Cities, 2(01), 618–36.